KANDUNGAN FITOKIMIA DAN SENYAWA KATINON PADA DAUN KHAT MERAH (Catha edulis)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v8i1.113Abstract
Phytochemical Content and Katinon Coumpound in Red Khat (Catha edulis) Leaves
     Khat Plant (Catha edulis) belongs to the Celastraceae family that originated in East Africa and the Arabian plateau. Khat plant has green leaves with finely toothed oval shape resembling betel leaves and fragrant. The active component Khat leaves was cathinone which is an alkaloids group. Cathinone which has the chemical formula of 2-amino-1-phenyl propanone is often referred to as a natural amphetamine because it produced effects like amphetamine that could penetrate the nervous system , adrenaline and as stimulant. The purpose of this study was to identify phytochemical compounds in red khat leaves (Catha edulis) using gas chromatography-mass spectra. The results showed that extracts of red leaf khat (Catha edulis) contained of secondary metabolites, they were alkaloids, phenolics, glycosides, steroids / triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Based on the identification of khat leaf extract (Catha edulis) at pH 8, 9 and 10 showed the presence of katin compounds at different concentrations, while the cathinone compounds were not identified at all three types of the extract.
Keywords : Catha edulis, phytochemical ,metabolite secondary, gas chromatography-mass spectra
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ABSTRAK
     Tanaman Khat (Catha edulis) termasuk dalam famili Celastraceae yang berasal dari Afrika Timur dan dataran Arab. Tanaman Khat memiliki daun berwarna hijau bergerigi halus dengan bentuk oval menyerupai daun sirih, dan berbau harum. Komponen aktif daun Khat yaitu katinona merupakan senyawa kimia golongan alkaloid. Katinona dengan rumus kimia 2-amino-1-fenil propanon sering disebut sebagai amfetamin alami karena menghasilkan efek seperti amfetamin yang bisa menembus susunan saraf pusat, memacu adrenalin dan stimulansia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan senyawa fitokimia dan katinon dalam daun khat merah (Catha edulis) menggunakan kromatografi gas spektra massa .Hasil penelitian menunjukan serbuk simplisia daun khat merah (Catha edulis) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu alkaloid, fenolik, glikosida, steroid/triterpenoid, flavonoid, tanin serta saponin. Berdasarkan identifikasi ekstrak daun khat merah (Catha edulis) pada pH 8, 9 dan 10 menggunakan KG-SM menunjukan adanya senyawa katin pada konsentrasi yang berbeda, sedangkan senyawa katinona tidak ditemukan pada ke tiga jenis pH ekstrak tersebut.
Kata kunci : Catha edulis, fitokimia, metabolit sekunder, kromatografi gas-spektra massa
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